The Historical and Content Approaches to Notary Documents and Affidavits

In Islamic-Shi'i governments, every legal document must be based on Under the ijtihad of jurists and religious rulers and scribes of religious affairs. Hence, the value and validity of martyrdom, which has been emphasized by the jurisprudents as religious intercourse, has always been Fixed with the passage of time. “Affidavit” (Istish'had-nameh) are one of the types of legal documents that if To be examined scientifically and with the help of the knowledge and documentary methods, can be useful in understanding the life and social, economic, and legal interactions of previous human societies. Such documents have been written as one of the proofs of the evidence in order to insert the testimony of the witnesses, and have a certain literary language that is spelled out by vocabulary the legal juristic law. The present research is descriptive-analytic in its historical nature and does not have any investigative background. The data are also collected through a review of documents and resources. Since in the old tradition, “Affidavit” (Istish'had-nameh) is called “Mahzar”, in addition to its common name, after the expression of the different use of the term in the ancient texts, three history important Mahzar have been mentioned and the principles and methods of their writing, linguistic and their content have been examined and explained.