A Review on Dyes: Types, Improvement and their Performance Mechanism for Application in Organic Solar Cells

Today, scientists pay much attention to application of renewable energy resources, especially solar energy, due to its high capacity, availability and low cost. Thus, understanding and realizing the methods to covert solar energy to electricity is a key to improvement of this technology. Solar cells are devices that convert directly solar energy to electricity based on photovoltaic effect. Two main categories of solar cells including dye sensitized solar cells DSSCs and polymer solar cells PSCs have been considered in the present review paper. Photon absorber materials or electron-hole generators are one of the main components in the structure of solar cells. In DSSC, dye absorbs light and transfer electron to semiconductor material. Therefore it’s an important parameter to recognition the dye structure and performance. So, different dyes introduction, performance mechanism and their improvement for application in DSSCs is considered in this paper. Also in recent years, application of dyes in PSCs has been reported; therefore some of these applications have been investigated. Finally, the performance mechanism of dye in the presence of polymer Forster Mechanism in PSCs is presented.