Criteria of Political Justice in Islam: An Anthropological Approach

Any theory about justice requires explaining a set of rights for humans; because these rights are the things that the theory of justice is supposed to present a method of distribution for (History). Explaining the criteria of political justice from anthropological viewpoint in religious texts is an issue which is not dealt with comprehensively (Background). From this perspective, it is a novel, unexplained and new issue (Problem). The question of the present article is: What is the effect of the idea of bi-dimensionality of human existence from the viewpoint of religion on the theory of justice in the realm of politics (Question)? The present research, while trying to prove the idea of bi-dimensionality of humans, considers two kinds of rights for human beings (Hypothesis). To answer the research question, religious texts are analyzed based on this goal (Objective) and by using descriptive analytical method (Methodology); so that the implications of man which are regarded political in theorizing about justice be explained. As a result, Islamic interpretation of human existence makes any perception of justice inclined to both these rights. What is important here is that the basis of distributing political power in a society will differ based on the level of individual growth and transcendence. This difference in distributing power is contrary to modern contractarianist thoughts which deny the primordial and divine dimension of human existence (Finding).