The winners and losers of brain drain in the Middle East

According to economic theories about the economic consequences of brain drain, there are two traditional views. The traditional view of brain drain is considered as a direct reduction of human capital, but in the new perspective the positive effects of brain drain are also considered. The main reason for the discussion here is the positive role of brain drain in increasing the motivation to acquire education in the community, the transfer of knowledge and technology through the return immigration, the formation of the effects of immigration networks and returning income to countries of origin versus The negative impact of brain drain is the reduction of human capital in the country of origin. The results of the study show that the brain drain has a positive effect on the accumulation of human capital in the studied countries and at existing rates of brain drain, 9 countries benefited from brain drain and 5 affected countries. In addition, considering that Iran is suffering from brain drain, it is suggested that by creating favorable conditions for the elites, it is suggested that their survival coefficient in the country be provided.