The Effect of Errorless, Error full and scaling equipment on Accuracy of children s motor performance under Stress

The aim of this study was to compare the effects Errorless, Error full and scaling equipment methods on accuracy of the throw basketball under stress in children. 50 elementary boy students 10-12 years randomly divided into five groups (errorless, error full, Training with scaling and standard equipment, scaling equipment and combined). After 5 session in acquisition, retention and transfer (under stress) tests were conducted. Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was filled out by participants before retention and after transfer tests. Data was analyzed with dependent t-test and mixed ANOVA. Significant reduction were found between retention and transfer tests in training with standard equipment group. Performance of standard equipment group declined under pressure. However, performance Decrement in other groups was not significant. In general, according the results of this study, the use of scaled equipment by children lead to implicit learning in the same manner as the errorless learning paradigm and prevents choking under stress. Therefore, it can be used as a proper method for teaching motor skills in children.