Conceptological Analysis of Revilement (Sabb) of Believers and Further Research on the Arguments and the Quality of their Signification on its Ruling

Revilement (sabb) – particularly reviling the believers – is among the spiteful matters to the legislator and its unlawfulness is unanimously agreed upon by all Muslims. Despite the fact that this subject has been brought up in jurisprudential discourses such as the one on justice contradictions and chapters relating to illicit professions, legal punishments, discretionary penalties, and its rulings are studied, there are still ambiguities in it needing to be researched about.Of the significant outcomes that are achieved in this research while analyzing the concept of sabb, is the expansion of this concept; conditions such as imperativeness of sabb and encounter with the masbūb (the reviled), which were assumed to interfere in the truth of sabb rather than in the concept of sabb nor in the criterion of its ruling, are valid. Concerning the condition of the addressee being impressed and offended, if not being impressed by sabb is because of the existence of a trait in that person, that trait would not change the ruling of sabb due to the proofs being held true; but if it is because of the existence of a trait in the speech, it is irrelevant to sabb by way of qualification.Similarly, concerning the issue of requitement in sabb, the view of the non-permissibility of requitement in sabb is strengthened by juxtaposing the arguments, because sabb is in itself evil and an evidence of “false speech” and unlawful; besides man’s right, there is also Divine right in it, then the title of compensation (muqāṣṣa) cannot be a license for perpetrating it.