Hafiz Abru's Geography and Taqwim al-Buldan: A Comparative Survey

Hafiz Abru’s geography by Hafiz Abru(d.833 h.) is the most important geographical work in Persian language from Timurid’s era. Since the geographic works, that have been written in later periods, are often lent to past works, it is a question of how far the geographic reports of Hafiz Abru are for himself. To determine the authenticity of the content of the work, its geographical information was compared with the past centuries sources and as a result it was demonstrated that Taqwim al-Buldan byAbu al-Fida (d. 732 h.) had been one of the most important sources for Hafiz Abru’s work and what he added to Abu al-Fida work, although containing some important indications of his own time, is not remarkable in quantity.