The effect of rhizosphere on availability of soil elements in the presence of biochar and compost pruning waste and mycorrhizal inoculation

The rhizospher, a soil-root interface, is a dynamic microcosm where interact microorganisms, plant roots and soil constituents. Trees pruning waste by turning into biochar and compost and adding to soil improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Another approach to availability is to use the potential microorganisms such as Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Considering that rhizospher studies have beneficial results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat rhizosphere treated with biochar and compost prepared from trees pruning and mycorrhizal inoculation on availability of macronutrient in rhizobox condition.
This study was carried out in a factorial based on completely randomized design under greenhouse condition in rhizobox. The factors including organic sources (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), mycorrhizal inoculation (Glomus fasciculatum and non-inoculation) and soil (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil). For this purpose, a soil sample with light texture was prepared. Biochars produced from temperature of approximately 350°C. Also, compost was prepared from the research greenhouse department of soil science of Urmia University. The plant was planted in Rizobox at 20 * 15 * 20 cm (length, width and height). In order to greenhouse tests, the biochar and compost added to the boxes in terms of 1.5% pure organic carbon (each box containing 5.80 kg of soil). For plant cultivation, wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Pishtaz were grown in rhizobaxes. At the end of the growth period, pH and EC (1:5, soil: water), organic carbon by walkley-black method, The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, Nitrogen, Potassium, phosphorus in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and content macronutrients in the plant were determined.
The results showed that the highest pH was in biochar (7.88) non- mycorrhizal inoculation. The amount of OC, N, P and K in compost treatment with mycorrhizal inoculation were significantly higher than other treatments. Compost treatments in comparison with biochar provided more contents of EC, OC, N, P and K in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the availability of P and K by 1.70 and 1.16 times in non-rhiozospher soil, compared to the rhizosphere. However, the content N in the rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal inoculation treatment was 1.19 times higher than non-rhizosphere soil. The higher uptake of N, P and K by plant in inoculum of mycorrhiza biochar increased 48.1, 39.6 and 38.8% compared to the control, respectively.
the use of organic materials significantly changed the chemical properties of the rhizosphere and increased the availability of nutrients in calcareous soils. Ultimately, they increase availability of nutrients in plants. Also, the use of rizhobox method by adding organic matter along with mycorrhizal inoculation could justify the microbial-rhizospheric processes in relation to the availability of nutrients. It can be concluded that the application of biochar and compost in mycorrhizal inoculations leads to an increase in the nutrients availibity in soils and plant.