Evaluation of some physicochemical traits in selected oil and table olive (Olea europaea) genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan

Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications on 24 genotypes in Hashemabad complex in Golestan province. The maturity index of fruit was measured according to a method suggested by International Olive Oil Council and the percentage of oil was determined using a soxhlet method. Six genotypes with higher percentage of oil were selected and the physicochemical properties of the oil and the percentage of fatty acids were determined. Results showed that the highest and lowest fruit weights were observed in genotypes I7 and E6, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit flesh was observed in I7. E11 and D5 had the highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh matter. The lowest acidity was observed in B7 and the lowest peroxide was seen in E11. Genotypes F1 and E11 had the highest oil phenolic compounds. A10 showed the highest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. F9 had the lowest indexes of K232 and K270 and following that A10 had the lowest index of K270. The highest percentage of oleic acid and the lowest percentage of linoleic acid were observed in A10. Genotype B7 had the lowest percentage of palmitic acid. Due to fruit weight, percentage of flesh and fruit sphericity, eight table genotypes were selected for further study. Among the selected table genotypes, genotype I7 had the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanin. According to the results, the best oil genotypes were A10 and E11, the best table genotype was I7 and the best dual-purpose genotypes were F10 and B7.