Effect of Temperature, Salinity and Wind on Coral Reefs

Riffs are buildings that accumulate from the skeletons of living organisms, such as corals, algae, porifera (sponges), and also shells of marine invertebrates. The riffs in some regions of the seas and oceans, in appropriate conditions and at a certain depth, form roughnesses that are of biological origin and calcareous composition. Coral riffs are formed mainly in shallow, warm, calm, clear waters, near the coast of the seas or oceans, and in environments where carbonate deposits precipitate. Most coral reefs are limited in warm waters of the pacific Oceans and India. There are a number of other places in the sea. Growth conditions for coral reef riffs are abundant food, no physical or chemical changes in the daily or periodic in the environment. The factors controlling the growth of corals are temperature changes, salinity, wind flow, and the intensity of sea waves, the rate of penetration of sunlight in water, the rate of sedimentation, the degree of transparency of water, etc. Flooding also reduces the penetration of sunlight and it prevents the growth of coral. The present riffs, consisting mainly of coral, have a depth of 30 meters and a few are living in greater depths. With increasing temperature and salinity and the destruction of corals, the structures and habitats of thousands of species of fish and Invertebrates that symbiosis with coral are also destroyed. This article describes the disease and the Extensive bleaching of corals, which in most cases is attributed to high temperatures, as well as salinity and storms, based on books, articles, maps and related websites.