Risk assessment of non-carcinogenic effects of lead, cadmium, and zinc consumption of Cyprinus carpio from Chagakhor wetland

Given adverse impacts of heavy metals in the human body, sensitivity and importance are the monitoring of food products. In this regard, investigation of heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in Cheghakhor Wetland has been momentous. In the present research, to determine heavy metals concentrations in edible parts of fish, a number of 45 specimens of common carps were digested the heavy metals concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. According to the results, carp condition factor did not follow standards released for freshwater fish so that daily and weekly heavy metals uptake were significantly lower than PTDI and PTWI value. At the same time, a significant negative correlation between Pb and Cd and a significant positive correlation between length and condition factor with 99% probability level was found. Risk assessment on non-carcinogenicity showed the highest and lowest THQ in Zn and Cd respectively, the same was the case for TTHQ formation and TTHQ for none of the heavy metals was not >1. Also, the maximum allowable level for children and adults consumption showed a descending trend in heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn. Mean's comparison of heavy metals with released standards and literature review indicated low concentration of these metals. This is promising to ensure on consumption of Cheghakhor Wetland common carps and its Non-Carcinogenicity risk.