Blood group incompatibility due to anti C antibody: a case report

One of the main goals of blood transfusion medicine is to determine the compatibility of the blood products with the patients. Therefore, clinical and laboratory (serologic) evaluations should be done to determine the maximum compatibility (or minimum incompatibility). The most known blood groups is the ABO antigenic system and the most important of them is Rh system. Among these, the most common antigen that results in incompatibility reaction is D antigen. The occurrence of alloimmune hemolytic reactions in other subsets of the Rh blood group is rare. Specifically, anti-C antibody is one of the rare causes of hemolytic disease in neonates, which has been reported in the articles.
The patient was a 85- year- old female, who was candidate for an extensive excision of right lower limb's chronic wound. The patient required packed-cell transfusion to correct anemia before surgery. Due to incompatibility of the patient's blood with any of the same ABO and Rh blood products, the panels of all blood group antibodies were checked, which revealed positive anti-C antibody. Other antibodies were negative.
In the patients with incompatibility with the same ABO and Rh blood products, other blood groups should also be considered in order to prevent the transfusion complications by using a product with maximum compatibility (minimum incompatibility).