Effect of foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield and yield component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic products in the world with 217 million hectares of the world's highest cultivation area and a total production of 651.4 million tons with an average yield of three tons per hectare (Anonymous, 2015) and more than any other product that supplies calories to the world (Ahmadi Lahijani & Emam, 2013). Drought is one of the most important environmental stressors in crop production around the world (Omidi et al., 2012). One of the most important environmental stresses that most plants face is drought stress (Afzal et al., 2006). Fathi Amirkhiz et al. (2010) also observed that the iron absorption and iron concentration increased significantly with iron nitrous oxide compared with iron oxide in wheat. Pahlavan Rad et al (2007) reported an increase of 21% yield in wheat grain in the study of the effect of iron plowing in wheat.
To study the impact of nano iron and manganese chelates foliar application on mitigating the effects of water deficit and foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield, yield components of wheat an experiment was carried out in 2014-2015 in the Agricultural Research Farm Station of Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran as split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. Iron and manganese nano-silicate fertilizers with iron and manganese micro-chelate fertilizers include 11 levels of concentration of 1 in 1,000 nanoclusters of iron (F1), 3 in 1000 nano chelate iron (F2), one and a half per thousand nano chelate of manganese F3), three per thousand nano chelate of manganese (F4), one per thousand nano chelate of iron, one and a half per thousand nano chelate manganese (F5), one per thousand nano chelate of iron and three per thousand nano chelate of manganese (F6), one And half a thousand nanoclat of manganese, and three in a thousand nano chelate iron (F7), three in a thousand nano chelate of iron, three in a thousand nano chelate of manganese (F8), without spraying (F9), purification of pure water (F10), and Recommended micro-fertilizer complex (F11) as a substrate and drought stress At three levels without irrigation cut (S1), irrigation cut off at vegetative stage until a 70% crop was unloaded (S2) and irrigation was discontinued at the reproductive stage until the 70% crop was unloaded (S3) as factor The main one was examined.
The results showed that factors interaction on Seed yield, Spike number, Grain number in spike, Leaf, Shoot and Spike dry weigh and Leaf area (P≤ 0.01). The results of the comparison showed that the highest Seed yield (2611 Kg/ha) and Grain number in spike (number 52 per m2) was obtained the Three in thousand nano-iron and thousands and a half nano- manganese in without stress treatment. According to Movahdi Dehnavi (2001), drought stress at reproductive stage limits the transfer of iron and manganese to grain. The stress in grain filling stage reduces grain yield by reducing the length of the period (Alizadeh et al., 2010). The number of seeds per spike decreases with drought stress and the number of seeds per spike in vegetative stage is more sensitive than the reproductive stage. In fact, drought stress reduces the growth period of vegetative growth. By reducing the length of this period and passing the plant faster than this stage, the number of nodes and the length of the internode decreases in the plant, and subsequently the plant height decreases (Daneshian, 2000). The cause of lower plant height due to water stress can be due to the reduction of thoracic pressure and prolonged cell growth (Upadhyaya and Panda, 2004).
The results showed that drought stress reduces yield and Application of nano iron fertilizer with magnesium reduces the negative effects of drought stress. Therefore, in case of drought stress by using nano iron and manganese fertilizers to reduce stress.