The Causes of Emergence and Development of Takfiri Groups in the Islamic World; from Confrontation of Tribal and Civilized life to Confrontation of Tradition and Modernity

Today, the Islamic world is faced with the emergence and growth of takfiri ideas; Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia, the SSP in Pakistan, Al-Qaeda in many parts of the Islamic world and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria recently split from al-Qaeda in Syria and Iraq have emerged. The findings of this research show that the Takfiri Groups that their most important achievement has been discrediting the concept of humanity are not new phenomenon. In fact, they are the contextual and theoretical continuation of the Kharijites. In the first decade of the emergence of Islam, three streams of Sunni, Shi'a and Kharijites were divided and this division still causes confrontation. Takfiri groups are similar to Kharijites in the both theoretical principles and context and backgrounds of emergence. Mass excommunication of others, ignoring the circumstances of time, resistance to diversity and change, following the tradition and lack of attention to rationalism, violence and an exclusive look to Monotheism are some of the their similarities. In this article the perspective of historical analysis and comparative methods used as methodological approach and the theory of Manuel Castells about identity of resistance and fundamentalism used as theoretical framework.