Developments from Specialized Sciences to Multi-disciplinaries and Unified Science

From the view of Aristotle, Muslim philosophers and the Christian Philosophers of the middle ages, all sciences were under the umbrella of philosophy. But, after the development of modern science and the growth of empiricism, philosophy lost its glory and attention was given primarily to specialized sciences.
But during the second half of the twentieth century, the defects of empiricism became apparent and several trends emerged:(1) Some scholars mentioned that science can’t answer all questions of human concern and there is a need for a more general framework.
(2) There was a movement towards interdisciplinary studies, and there was a revival of philosophy among scientists.
(3) Positivists spoke of unified science, i.e. all sciences could be reduced to a single science, e. g. Physics.
(4) Many distinguished scientists mentioned that different specialties should be pursued under a holistic view, so they recommended to look for a worldview that works as an umbrella for all sciences.