A Historical Study of the Clerics and the Intellectuals Coalition in the Constitutional Movement

The constitutional movement was one of the achievements of our confrontation with the modern thoughts. It was the outcome of the coalition between many social forces including the clergies and the intellectuals. These two forces had left the most impacts on the history of Iran to a degree that their coalition during the constitutional movement led to the victory of the movement and their separation caused the return to despotism. The current research studied the historical backdrops of the coalition between the clergies and the intellectuals. The findings show the reasons of this coalition to include the negation of despotism, the economic interests, the lack of knowledge about the constitutionality, the elimination of some figures, the demand for the rule of law, the formation of the “justice house “and the parliament, the interference of foreigners, the changing strategies, etc. These are by no means the absolute reasons behind the clergies and intellectuals coalition; they could rather be considered as conditions that have facilitated it.