The cases of Israf (extravagance) in death penalty in the criminal regulations of Iran

"Israf" in execution is a term taken from verse 33 of Surah Al- Isr'a in which after explaining the prohibition of murder and the right of retaliation for the heirs of the victim, prohibits extravagance in execution. On the surface, the verse seems given the previous verse to prohibit extravagance in death penalty, but given the absolution of "killing" it can be said that it also includes the cases where the convict deserves execution. One of the most important issues about the punishments is the complication around the distinguishing, determination and application of them and the necessity of systemization of criminal justice. Therefore, avoidance of personal application of punishments means that only the competent judicial authorities can undertake research, trial, determination and application of punishments, and the ordinary people lack jurisdiction for entering such fields. However, the Iranian lawmakers have given such jurisdiction for ordinary people in some articles of the Islamic penal code including article 690 of it that is prone to critique, since it allows execution for ordinary people which leads to Israf in killing. Furthermore, some special laws like the "Military Forces Crimes Law" and the "Drugs Law" have seen the perpetrators of such crimes as "Muharib" and determined death penalty for them, while "Muharib" has a specific definition that does not include them, and therefore it is Israf in killing.