Improvement of self-care for the elderly with high blood pressure based on Pender's model: a semi- experimental study

Aging is an inevitable necessity in the path of human growth and can make the person and the environment difficult to adapt. Increasing age is associated with increased hypertension. Regular control of hypertension prevents, suppresses and reduces the complications and mortality from cardiac diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion model-based education on the self-care of the elderly with hypertension in 2016. In this semi-experimental study, 84 elderly people with high blood pressure were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each=42). To collect data, a health promotion model-based questionnaire whose validity and reliability were measured, was used. Educational intervention was conducted based on the self-efficacy structure that was the most predictive in experimental group. The questionnaire was completed immediately and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed at the significant level of 0.05 using statistical softwares. In assessing the changes of health promotion model constructs, there was a significant difference in perceived behavioral constructs, perceived self-efficacy, feelings related to behavior, perceived benefits and perceived barriers (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the scores of interpersonal and positional influences in the intervention group (p <0.001).The behavioral outcomes after the intervention had a significant difference in the intervention group (p=0.014). A significant difference was found in the self-care score in the intervention group (p<0.001). Pender's HPM-based training can improve the self-care in the elderly with hypertension.