Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Phosphorus Uptake and Some Properties of Wheat

  Phosphorus compared with the other major nutrients, is by far the least mobile and available to plants in most soils. Although phosphorus is abundant in soils in both organic and inorganic forms, it is frequently a major or even the prime limiting factor for plant growth. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has ability to convert insoluble form of phosphorous to an available form. Applications of PSB as inoculants increase the phosphorus uptake by plant. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to utilize soil phosphorus by wheat.
Material and In the present study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus uptake and some characteristics of wheat (Chamran cultivar) were investigated in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in greenhouse.Treatments consisted of four levels of bacteria (without inoculation (control), inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae R33, inoculation with Pseudomonas sp, inoculation with both Enterobacter cloacae R33 and Pseudomonas sp) and three levels of CaH4(Po4)2. H2O (0 %, 50 % and 100 % of phosphorus requirement). During the experiment, characteristics such as plant height and chlorophyll index were measured. At the end of cultivation period, dry weight of root and aerial part and also phosphorus concentration in root and aerial part was determined. The amount of phosphorus uptake in root, aerial part and grain was also determined. Also the amount of available phosphorus in the soil was measured after extraction with NaHCO3. Results showed a significant effect of bacteria and fertilizer interaction on the soil pH and exchangeable phosphorus (P <0.01). The lowest amount of pH and the highest amount of soil exchangeable phosphorus were observed in the treatment containing consortium of bacteria and application of 100 percent of plant phosphorus requirement. The interaction effect of bacteria and fertilizer were significant on chlorophyll index, dry weight aerial part and phosphorus concentration and uptake in root, aerial part and grain (P <0.01). The main effect of bacteria were significant on plant height, dry weight root and grain yield, (P <0.01). The Maximum phosphorus concentration and its uptake of grain and grain yield were obtained under treatment of bacteria consortium and 50 percent of plant phosphorus requirement.
Key words: Bacteria, Phosphorus, Chemical Fertilizer, Wheat. Results showed a significant effect of bacteria and fertilizer interaction on the soil pH and exchangeable phosphorus (P <0.01). The lowest amount of pH and the highest amount of soil exchangeable phosphorus were observed in the treatment containing consortium of bacteria and application of 100 percent of plant phosphorus requirement. The interaction effect of bacteria and fertilizer were significant on chlorophyll index, dry weight aerial part and phosphorus concentration and uptake in root, aerial part and grain (P <0.01). The main effect of bacteria were significant on plant height, dry weight root and grain yield, (P <0.01). The Maximum phosphorus concentration and its uptake of grain and grain yield were obtained under treatment of bacteria consortium and 50 percent of plant phosphorus requirement