Modification of the metal electrodes and development of the enzyme bio-sensors for the determination of the choline and acetylcholine in the food and biological samples

Choline is a vitamin-like compound which can promote the lipid metabolism in the liver and kidneys and reduces the chronic inflammations. It also participates in the synthesis of the phospholipids and acetylcholine and is important for the integrity of the cell membrane. Its sufficient amount in the embryonic stage is necessary and, the relation between its concentration and the appearance of the signs of the diseases such as breast and prostate cancers is confirmed. It is usually necessary to supply choline through the food chain and nowadays choline is widely added to the certain foods and therefore its quantitative determination is very important in the clinical analysis and food industries. In the recent years, application of the enzyme sensors as the cheap and portable tools with high selectivity and sensitivity has attracted much attention as the alternatives for the chromatographic methods. In this review, the studies (from 2000 to present) in the field of the modification of metal electrodes and determination of choline and acetylcholine in the food and biological samples have been reviewed. Modification of the electrodes leads to more enzyme immobilization with better stability and bioactivity, improve the electron transfer and decrease the resistance, and consequently, enhancement in the figure of merits of the method. Downloaded from journalofbiosafety.ir at 15:54 +0430 on Tuesday May 14th 2019