An Explanation of the Agency of Soul in Reason’s Hierarchy on the Basis of Viewpoints of Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini and

In Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint, substantial motion of man’s soul begins in the body with corporeal generation and its faculties are actualized in this motion. Reason is one of these faculties which has two stages. Soul’s motion continues from the stage of material reason to that of active reason. There are different types of perceptions in these stages. These perceptions include sensory, imaginary and rational. In material reason, until perfect reason soul has sensory and imaginary perceptions and in actualized reason and active reason, it has rational perception. Depending on the kind of its perceptions, and the stage of rationality, different types of agency in its acts are explained. Imam Khomeini as one of the expositors of transcendental philosophy is an expert in this field. One of the objectives of this paper is comparison of the two theories to find their similarities and differences. The exclusive features of Imam Khomeini’s theory include: The necessity of going through stages and their numbers as well as internalization of rational forms for soul due repetition from common points, the idea of faith before the entry of soul into theoretical and practical reason, referring the stages of theoretical and practical reasons to each other and the culmination of the stages of the two reasons to reasonable wisdom.