Comparison of Phylogenetic and Evolutionary of Nucleotide Squences of HVR1 region of Mitochondria genom in Goats and Other Livestock Species

Maintaining genomic diversity in goat populations in different parts of Iran is essential for breeding programs, increasing production, survival, resistance to diseases, and various environmental changing conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the sequence of HVR1 from the mitochondrial genome of Iranian native goats including Sistani, Pakistani, Black and Lorry ecotypes (each of 4 heads), examine the probable variation in these populations, and plotting their phylogen relationship in comparison with some animal species. Total DNA extraction was performed using phenol-chloroform method. The extracted DNA was used as template for proliferation of HVR1 region of mitochondrial genome was used and the obtained bands were sequenced by Sanger method. The nucleotide sequences with 30 sequences from the same region of the mitochondrial genome related to other animal species derived from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were used for genetic analysis and phylogenetic tree mapping. The average of haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity among species were 0.994 and 0.12891, and, in the ecotypes were 1 and 0.09299, respectively. The numerical value of the replacement rate of dn/ds for the studied ecotypes and other species was calculated at 1.17 and 1.12, respectively, which indicates a positive selection in the process of evolution of this gene. The results of phylogenic tree of nucleotide sequence of HVR1 region were estimated from two major branches and 7 subspaces. Among the studied species, goat ecotypes were similar to sheep species. The genetic and phylogenic analysis of the studied species indicates the distinction and evolutionary path of each species and the HVR1 region can lead to the proper grouping of the species and sub-species that are split from them.