Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Blood and blood products can be a probable route of T. gondii transmission, especially in patients undergoing multiple transfusions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection among healthy blood donors in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. We collected 385 blood samples from blood donors referring to the three biggest Blood Transfusion Organization Centers in the province during the period from January to June 2017. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, all samples were tested by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of DNA of T. gondii. The seroprevalence rates of IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies were 37.9% and 1.56%, respectively. With the LAMP method, 1.56% of the samples were positive for the DNA of T. gondii. Of these, four (1.04%) were seropositive for both IgG and IgM and two (0.52%) were positive only for IgG. Moreover, statistical analyses indicated that several risk factors including gender, age, contact with cats, and consumption of undercooked meat were significantly related to T. gondii seropositivity in blood donors. This study indicated that anti-T. gondii antibodies were highly prevalent among apparently healthy blood donors in Southwest Iran. There was a possibility of infection transmission by blood transfusion while there is a lack of screening tests for Toxoplasma infection in the Blood Transfusion Organizations. It is strongly suggested that appropriate and sensitive screening programs be designed by the LAMP method for the detection of T. gondii in blood donors.