Comparative Comparison of Soroush and Motahhari's Perspective on Concept of Religious Science

After the Renaissance and the growth of empirical science in Europe, there were fundamental divisions between the experimental sciences and the church's claims, which resulted in the European community voting for the conflict between science and religion. With the development of empirical sciences in Islamic societies, this challenge has become more deeply embedded and has involved the thinkers and experts of this field. In Iran, Shahid Motahari and Dr. Abdolkarim Soroush, as two important epistemologists, adopted contradictory positions regarding the conceptual coordinates of religious science that affected the intellectual currents after them. In this research, based on the three main questions, the positions of these two thinkers on the nature of the (definition) of science, the method of science and possibility, and the refusal of the establishment of religious science have been adapted comparatively. As a result, it turned out that since Soroush has empirical knowledge of an independent domain to other types of knowledge and is an empirical method based on the falsification logic, there is no possibility of establishing religious science. On the contrary, according to Shahid Motahari, empirical science, as one of the types of knowledge, has a longitudinal relationship with other forms of knowledge .In his view, the method of science is the empirical method, and the logic of analogy and, if used in this way and satisfies the individual and social needs of the Islamic society and ultimately targeted by Islam, is religious science and has religious authority.