The Study of Criteria and Security-Building Measures of Passive Defense, In the Time of War and Crisis

Identifying security-building measures, is one of the main objectives of passive defense for the armed forces in the time of war and crisis, which is considered in spatial planning studies.This applied research, using descriptive qualitative method, was carried out in 1394. The data collection method is a combination of field and library methods and the instruments are observation and in-depth qualitative interviews. The sample consists of 27 experts in military affairs, defense and national security, and passive defense. The data was analyzed via multi-criteria and hierarchical decision making method, using Expert Choice software. The main objective of this study is valuation and weighting the criteria and security-building measures of passive defense, to increase the decision- making ability in the time of war and crisis. The research question is: What is the value and priority of every security-building factors in passive defense mechanism (including; human factor, space and the environment, infrastructure)? The research hypothesis is that: in the security-building measures of passive defense, the "atmospheric factor is of higher value relative to "human resources" and "infrastructure". The results showed that in the security-building measures of passive defense in national security, the "atmospheric factor with 59/0, is of higher value relative to "human resources "with the value of 28/0, and "infrastructure" with the value of 11/0. Furthermore it was concluded that in the land use planning and reducing the vulnerability, the "human resources variable is of higher value relative to "infrastructure" variable.