Identification of the QTLs of resistance to barley powdery mildew using F3 families derived from the cross Badia and Kavir barley cultivars

Barley is one of the most important cereals in the world after corn, wheat and rice. Powdery mildew is one of the important fungal parasites of the plants which cover their above ground parts with the formation of a white fungal vegetative organs causing yellowing, drying and reducing the quantitative and qualitative traits of the field crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. In order to locating the powdery mildew resistance QTLs in the F3 generation derived from the cross Badia and Kavir cultivars, a population consisted of 104 families was cultivated in 2017 at Gonbad-e-Kavos University. To provide a genetic map, several groups of markers including of 28 SSR, 9 ISSR, 3 IRAP and 5 iPBS (93 alleles) that were related to barley chromosomes used. Genetic maps were covered 617.5 cM and the mean gap between flanking markers was 5.41 cM. Four QTLs were detected on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6 to powdery mildew resistance. The results of this study led to a new QTL trace for the desired trait. The QTL qSPM-4b with LOD=3.26 that was between the two ISSR13-1 and ISSR16-4 markers, controlled 13/.6 of the phenotypic variations of the respective attribute with an incremental decrease of 0.12. The QTLs detected could be used in breeding programs to increase the resistant sources against the disease and to increase the yield of the new produced cultivars. The results of the current research can be used in breeding programs after determining the validity of markers.