comparative analysis of Akhavan Al-Safa’s theological believes with Sharif al-Murtaza’s viewpoints(a case study: the most important axles of their conflict)

In Islamic medieval centuries, different religious flanks had scientific activities in Baghdad. the scientific reference of some of these flanks like the Akhavan Al-Safa association and the Emami Baghdad School's researchers and theologists was philosophical and theological. As their scientific way seems to be close to each other, nevertheless, a comparative analysis of these two wings points out that they had fundamental contradiction in some cases. Sharif al-Murtaza who was the most celebrated deputy of the Emami Baghdad School's researchers and theologists had selected two methods including direct and indirect criticism to criticize his contemporary incorrect theological ideologies. He used indirect criticism to get Akhavan Al-Safa’s theological believes to be criticized. According to Sharif al-Murtaza’s method, he criticized Akhavan Al-Safa’s false viewpoints in his works, indirectly and depending on opportunities and being discussed issues. Sharif al-Murtaza clarified the invalidity of Akhavan Al-Safa’s believes in some important theological axles like spirits transmogrification, the interpretation of the prophets miracles, resort denying, the awaited Emam's Occultation (peace be upon him), pilgrimage of the Emams shrine (peace be upon them), doing the mourning for Emam Hussain (peace be upon him), the entity of Koran and discovering the mysteries of religion.Sharif al-Murtaza and Akhavan Al-Safa’s theological contradiction could be looked in some causes such as Akhavan Al-Safa’s eclectic approaches, their tendency to mysticism and philosophy's overcoming on religion. But they had the same compatible ideas because of their both rationalism on the one hand and Akhavan Al-Safa’s intellectuality on the second hand. Finally, Akhavan Al-Safa were defeated not only against the Emami Baghdad School's researchers and theologists, but also against the other theological sects, because they disregarded ruling law on durability, prosperity and wane of the theological ideologies.