THE EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND METABOLICAL PARAMETERS OF GRAPES "SHAHANI" AND "FAKHRI" CULTIVARS AT TWO DIFFEREND GROWTH STAGES

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant response to adverse environmental conditions. So in this study the effect of SA treatment in three concentrations of 0 (Control), 0.1 and 1mM sprayed on the leaves and fruits of two grape cultivars "Shahani" (with black berries) and " Fakhri" (with green berries) at two growth stages; unripe and ripe stages was investigated. Experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The results of comparing of two growth stages showed, SA treatment at 0.1mM concentration cause the effectively increase of flesh weight content of berries "Shahani" and " Fakhri" cultivars at both two growth unripe and ripe stages compared to control was. As SA treatment at 0.1mM concentration at unripe stages cause the effectively increase chlorophyll a content of leaves and berries skin organs both two cultivars compared to control was, but at ripe stages SA treatment had no effect on chlorophyll a content this organs. SA treatment at 0.1mM concentration cause the effectively increase chlorophyll b content of leaves organ both two cultivars at both two growth stages was and at skin organ both two cultivars, unripe stages at 0.1mM concentration and ripe stages 1mM concentration cause the effectively increase chlorophyll b content was. The results showed that at both growth stages SA treatment at 0.1 and 1mM concentrations cause the effectively increase of respectively soluble and insoluble sugars content organs of leaves and berries skin of both cultivar compared to control was. So results of comparing of two growth stages showed at unripe stage proline content of most organs of both cultivars by SA treatment at 1mM concentration increased. But at ripe stage SA treatment at 0.1mM concentration cause the effectively increase of proline content organs of leaves and flesh of both cultivar compared to control was and at organs of seed and berries skin of both cultivar cause the effectively decrease of proline content of both cultivar compared to control was. Determination of content some of elements organs of leaves both cultivar at ripe stage showed that, SA treatment in leaves "Shahani" and " Fakhri" cultivars respectively at 1 and 0.1 mM concentrations cause the effectively increase of K and Zn content was. SA treatment at 0.1mM concentration cause the effectively increase content Fe and Ca elements of leaves " Fakhri" cultivars was, but in leaves "Shahani" cultivars effect decreased. As content Mg and Na elements of leaves both cultivars as by SA treatment decreased. These results demonstrate that uses of SA treatment especially at 0.1mM concentrations may have higher adaptive capacity to stress.