About the Legal Term azišmānd in the Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān

Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān or the Collection of Thousands of Judgments is a legal text, which has been written in the late Sassanid era, early 7th century AD. There are many themes and terms in this text that can help us to understand the legal rules of the pre-Islamic era as well as its terms. Among the juridical issues of this text are slavery, guardianship, warranty, partnership, marriage, divorce, and so on. The terms in this text are sometimes highly specialized and complex, indicating that it has been written for legal professionals. One of these terms is azišmānd. Various translations have been given since the beginning of translation of this text. The purpose of this article is to examine all the materials and judgments about azišmānd in order to answer the question what is the best translation and definition for the term and what topics are used and what laws are in place. Our study shows that it occurs in issues such as possession (property, slave, woman), theft, pledge, alteration of testimony, and so on. Whenever azišmānd occurs, the punishment was the fine, to take a pledge and etc.