The Political Instability of the Constitutional Period from the Perspective of the Relationship between Society and State

In this paper, repeated occurrence of political instability and lack of continuity of newly founded constitutional states are explained from the perspective of the relationship between society and state. At first, properties of the characteristics of society and the state are examined, and via institutional approach of Migdal, it is shown that how the institutions and social forces of this era are in continuous effort to obtain the right to determine "Rules" and exercise the exclusive power of "Social Control". They challenged the constitutional state, and sometimes with temporary coalition formed with some powerful social forces, turned states into their "agent," which in turn led to opposition from other forces which, as a result, escalates political strife. Lack of autonomy and conflict of interests between these institutions weakened the agency power of state, which gradually increased dissatisfaction and mistrust, reduced legitimacy of the state, deepened the gap between state and society, and ultimately provided situations for events such as coups, collapse of cabinets, centrifugal movements and so on which leads to challenges or unconventional changes for political stability. In fact, post-revolutionary instability should be seen as a mismatch between the power of the state and the power of society, or in other words, the consequence of an "Asymmetrical Relationship" between a fragmented and incoherent society and a weak state.