Changes Study of Soil Loss using Poultry Manure in Various Time Periods

Soil is the main factor in food production, but it has always been under the destruction influence, therefore the reduction of soil loss is more important. In spite of numerous studies in prevention field of soil loss, the full understanding of this phenomenon and its reduction has a long way to come. Studies showed that today the various conditioners are used with aim of water and soil conservation in worldwide. Organic conditioners are the materials that these can cause the increasing infiltration and decreasing runoff and soil loss. Runoff and sediment yield is affected by spatial changes of soil properties and soil ability in runoff and sediment yield are not constant over time. Therefore, the innovation of present study conducted the study of poultry manure effect in process of soil and water conservation on parameters of time to runoff, runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration in time period of 24 h, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.

In present study for measuring the runoff and soil loss amount used from 28 plots using dried-air poultry manure in laboratory conditions. The poultry manure applied with two amounts of 5 and 10 t ha-1 that this was directly distributed with hand on surface soil. Then, the experiments was conducted in control treatment (before application of poultry manure) and conservation treatments (after application of poultry manure) with three replications. The experiments simulated in control plots and conservation plots using rainfall simulator for rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1 and slope of 20 percent for collection of runoff and sediment.

The results showed that the poultry manure with two amounts of 5 and 10 t ha-1 in time periods caused the increasing time to runoff and decreasing runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration. The poultry manure of 10 10 t ha-1 and time period of 12 month had more effect on increasing time to runoff with rate of +19.6 percent, also the most decrease amount in runoff coefficient and soil loss with rates of -14.11 and -19.00 percent, respectively. While, the treatment of poultry manure with rate of 5 t ha-1 in time period of 24 h presented the most decrease in soil concentration with rate of -9.93 percent. The results also showed that the separate effect of poultry manure on time to runoff and soil loss was significant in level of 95 percent. Also, the separate effect of time period on time to runoff was significant in level of 99 percent and on runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration was not significant.

Organic conditioners can cause the reduction of runoff and soil loss. However, the material role of organic amendment of accessible and environmentally friendly less has been attention. Also, use from organic manure is one of the most desirable methods in reducing use costs from chemical manure and also these destructive effects on soil and environment.