The essential oils components of wild and cultivated Satureja avromanica Maroofi in Kurdistan province of Iran

Satureja avromanica Maroofi is an endemic aromatic species from Lamiaceae family in Iran. In this study, for investigation of chemical composition of wild and cultivated S. avromanica, seeds of this plant were collected from natural habitate at Avroman area in Kurdistan province and cultivated in research farm of Grize Research Station in 2010. Aerial parts of wild and cultivated plants were harvested at full flowering stage for two years and after drying in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. Chemical composition of the essential oils were identified using GC and GC/MS. In the oils of first and second years of cultivation, 16 and 14 compound were characterized, respectively. In natural site, essential oil yields was 1.4%. In cultivated plants at first and second years essential oil yields were 0.17 and 0.21% respectively.  The main components of the essential oils in cultivated samples were thymol (32.3, 12.7%), carvacrol (23.6-48.3%), γ-terpinene (5.4-8.4%) and p-cymene (18.1-9.9 %) at first and second years respectively, while thymol wild sample was 83.9%  ,carvacro l 5.2% and p-cymene (3.9%) in wild accession of Avroman plants. The yields (0.17-0.21%) and phenolic compounds (55.9-61.0%) in the oil samples taken from the farm compared to the yields (1.4%) and phenolic compounds (89.1 %) from oil samples habitat has decreased, but oil phenolic compounds in samples taken from the farm  second year (61.0%)compare to the first year(55.9%) of planting, has increased, that it can be concluded that species is adapted to the environmental conditions of the farm.