Toda-Yamamoto causality between polarization and income inequality in the economy of Iran

The issue of inequality is a major challenge in development. Regional inequality usually occurs in resources, activities, population and production, so that each factor, in turn, strengthens other factors and expands the cycle of regional inequality and causes economic, social and political damage in the regions of the country. Because in the process of eliminating regional inequalities in the country, economic poles may be formed in the country and improve in terms of inequality indicators in the short term, but not paying attention to the polarization process and not overflowing growth to In the long run, less developed regions will exacerbate increasing regional inequalities in the future. For this reason, using Wolfson, Duclass, Stephen and rey polarization indices and Gini coefficient, Atkinson, logarithm -variance and variance-logarithm and income inequality dispersion indices in the Iranian economy during the years 1379 to 1395 And finally examined the relationship and causality between polarization and income inequality, which based on the results, the process of polarization in the Iranian economy reduces income inequality among the provinces, which is the case with the Duclass, Stephen and rey polarization index were more prominent than the Wolfson index. Therefore, growth poles should be formed in the provinces according to the talents and land management of each province, and in order to prevent the increase of regional inequality, using growth transfer mechanisms such as tax tools, the growth poles Moved the economy to other more deprived areas.