Feasibility Study of Legal Substitution of the Right to Retaliation (Qisas) in Fiqh of Five Schools (Mazahebe Khamse) and its Legal Gaps

Regarding that retaliation (qisas) is one of the reactions and punishments which Islam has considered as a sanction for the right to life, so it requires many research topics. One of these topics is substitution and replacement of this punishment. According to the above mentioned, and also considering that retaliation (qisas) is affected the society, it is very necessary to regard this fact in order to secure relief sought of avengers of blood. In this article we face with these basic questions which are as follow: which kinds of authorities does the owner of the right to retaliation (qisas) have? Whether he or she can make any decision about it under the title of substitution, or the punishment of retaliation (qisas) has relevance and except in appointed cases, there isn’t the possibility of its substitution even with consent of the parties?    Assuming the acceptance of substitution of retaliation (gisas) punishment, relying on the institution of substitution in discretionary punishments, we can say that in order to substitute the retaliation (qisas) to other punishments, lighter punishments should be applied. In this article, especially we point at the case that based on it, the execution of retaliation (qisas) is impossible and we come to this conclusion that, the substitution of retaliation (qisas) to other applicabilities of punishments the same as blood money, whether it be according to the opinion of competent authority or it be in accord with and based on mutual consent with murderer, has different forms.