Founders and Elders of the Baghdad monasteries (Rabat) and their influence on the the flow of Sufism (6th and 7th Centuries AH)

Baghdad, the center of the Abbasid Caliphate in the sixth and seventh centuries AH, with the growth of scientific and cultural centers, the presence of scholars, Scientists and the conflict of views and opinions of religious differences with scientific motion marked a brilliant history in the cultural field. Meanwhile, Sufism, with the presence of Sufi sheikhs, its expansion and function in the monasteries found a regular framework. The purpose of this study is to survey which variables have been influenced by the identified Sufism in Baghdad's monasteries. The findings indicate the supportive role of the caliphate family, government agents and Shafi'i jurists and Sufi sheikhs in the construction of monasteries and the educational role of Shafi'i, Hanafi and Hanbali jurists and narrators in Sufi teachings and the active presence of women in teaching and managing monasteries. The distance of Sufism from the main orbit and its bias towards the general public and the religious scholars was also a result of the current situation. The influence of the Khorasan School and the emigration of sheikhs and Sufism enthusiasts from Iran and Khorasan to Baghdad indicate the interaction of these two Sufi schools on the orbit of Sharia. The present paper, compiled by descriptive-analytical method, will search the situation of Sufism in Baghdad with a focus on monasteries and sheikhs.