The Efeect of Globalization and Development of Entrepreneurial Space on Competitive Advantage of Petrochemical Industry in Selected Countries

Iran and some countries in the Middle East region due to their rich resources of oil, gas and gas condensate (food diversity), access to open and international waters and proximity to Asian and European markets have a comparative advantage in the petrochemical industry. However, maintaining the share of the global market for petrochemical exports and increasing it in today's highly competitive world only by resorting to comparative advantage is not possible, and success in this field requires achieving a competitive advantage. In this regard, the present study with the approach of panel data and generalized method of moments (GMM) to investigate the impact of globalization and development of entrepreneurial environment on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry in Iran and 5 countries UAE, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait during the period 2014-2018. the results showed that the indicators of globalization, political globalization, economic globalization and entrepreneurship have a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry of selected countries. In addition, globalization strengthens the positive effect of the entrepreneurial environment on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry. However, the impact of social globalization on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry was not confirmed. Also, other estimated results showed that infrastructure and macroeconomic environment stability have a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry.