A Review of Polymer Fuel Cells

E xhaustion of fossil fuels, their environmental pollution, and human dependence onthis type of fuel have made the production of clean and sustainable energy, one of thegreatest issues in providing human energy in the future. This has led many researchers toseek new clean and sustainable sources of energy. In addition to solar, wind, geothermaland biomass energy, fuel cell energy is also become very important. Fuel cells are a newtechnology for generating energy that produces high-efficiency electrical energy throughdirect reaction between fuel and oxidizer without creating environmental and noisepollution. Currently, the most popular fuel cell is the hydrogen type, which is producedwater, heat, and electricity by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Fuel cells consistof three main parts: a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. Electrolytes play an importantrole in the fuel cell and allow ions to pass through the cell with the necessary selectivity. Inrecent years, polymers have been used as electrolytes in the manufacture of conventionalhydrogen fuel cells, known as polymer fuel cells. Given the advances made in the field ofpolymer fuel cells and the specific polymers used in them, this paper intends to address thegeneral structure of hydrogen fuel cells with emphasis on the polymer structure.