The role of emergency water reservoirs as new generation water reservoirs in quantitative and qualitative distribution of water distribution networks in critical situations

Abstract Drinking water in critical times such as an earthquake in a metropolitan area such as Tehran is the most importantparameter to preserve the survival and sustainability of relief operations. Various types of emergency water supplymethods have been discussed during the earthquake, and in particular the role of emergency tanks (always in thedistribution network circuit) to provide quantitative and qualitative water supply for at least the first three days ofcrises and as a new generation water storage depots. The results of hydraulic analysis and modeling on dimensions, operating details and how to connect and deployemergency tanks show that due to the proper flow of water in these tanks they can normally be used as part of thedistribution network. The range of water stored in these tanks that will cover a radius of one thousand meters, usingmanual pumps, gasoline, in emergency situations, using a special smart valve and ... it is distributed outside and forthe benefit of the people who are affected. According to estimates by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in the event of an earthquake measuringabout 7 on the Richter scale, access to about four million Tehran citizens will be cut off from drinkingwater for about 82 days. The project, if implemented, is expected to reduce the population to about one million peopleby 30 days and save about $ 400 million in costs and damages after a potential earthquake in Tehran.