The effects of irrigation with magnetized water on growth and yield properties of Marigold under different soil textures

Due to limited water resources, there is too much emphasis on the efficient use of present water resources for irrigation. Magnetized water can be used for the reclamation of water and soil. The usage of magnetic water in agricultural production will enable intense and more quantities and qualitative production. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is one of the oldest medicinal plants which had been used for the pharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate the effects of different growth bed and magnetized water on growth and yield characteristics of marigold flower. Safana (31) showed that irrigation plants with magnetized water of (1000 and 1500 GS) gave a significantly increasing in height, leaf number, flower number, fresh and dry weight characteristics of marigold plants expect number of flowering days, while the irrigation with normal water gave lowest the average for all the studied characters expect number of flowering days. The results of some of studies showed that the combined application of different substrates (Treatment No. 4: garden soil + spent mushroom compost + Rice bran + manure at a volume ratio of 25%) significantly increased leaf area (47.76 cm2), plant height (24.60 cm), shoots and flowers dry weight (0.043 and 0.014 g respectively), chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. The highest root dry weight (0.0056 g) was observed on treatment No. 7 (garden soil + spent mushroom compost + manure at a volume ratio of 33%) and treatment No. 8 (garden soil + manure at a volume ratio of 50%) (24).

Greenhouse research was carried out to study the simultaneous effect of irrigation with magnetized water and different soil textures on growth and yield properties of Marigold in the 3 replications as pot planting under greenhouse conditions in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2019. Research Station is located in north-east of Iran at 36° 16' N latitude and 59° 38' E longitude and its height from sea level is 958 meters. The experiment was performed as the factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications including two factors; Magnetic field levels consisted of four levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 Tesla) and Soil texture treatments consisted of three levels (Silty clay, Clay loam, and sandy loam), which were applied on the plant. Data obtained (branches, leaf, root, stem, and flower dry weights, flower and leaf number, root length, root volume, and height) were analyzed using statistical software SAS. Ver. 9.0 and the means were compared using LSD range test at 5 % percent.

The results showed that soil texture on branches dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, flower number, root volume, and height were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01), and on flower and root dry weights and leaf number were significant at 5 percent levels (P<0.05). the effect of magnetized water on branches dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, flower dry weight, height, flower number, branches number, height, and root volume were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01) and root length was significant at 5 percent level (P<0.05), while interaction of magnetized water and soil texture on the branches, root, and flower dry weights were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01) and root and stem dry weight and root volume were significant at 5 percent levels (P<0.05). The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 and 0.6 teslas) was increased flower number to 11.34% and 28.5 percent and was decreased 14.99% and 13.58 percent of leaf number, respectively. The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 teslas) compared with 0.6 teslas in different soil texture was increased flower dry weights, another hand the highest of flower dry weights in the irrigation with 0.3 tesla (0.61, 0.64, and 0.75 g in silty clay, clay loam, and sandy loam, respectively). Thus, in order to achieve suitable yields of marigold can be considered as appropriate levels of magnetized water and growth bed as these agronomic approaches. Using magnetized water can be improved the management of water in agricultural and experience deficit irrigation methods. Generally, using magnetized water in irrigation, in addition to saving water consumption and increasing irrigation water use efficiency, a reliable yield can be produced in Mashhad climatic condition and recommended for using under same conditions.