Reviewing the Stylistics of Ashura Poems by AhliShirazi, Babafghani Shirazi, and Fuzuli Baghdadi

Lamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. This literary genre was associated with the Karbala incident in the Safavid era and became a well-established culture. Since then, Shiite poets have written religious poems, especially Ashura poems, detailing their events. Ahli Shirazi, Babafghani Shirazi and Fuzuli Baghdadi are among the great poets of the Safavid era who wrote exhilarating poems in the mourning of Imam Hussein (AS) and the martyrs of Karbala. In this research, 318 verses of Ashura poems of the mentioned poets have been studied from the stylistic point of view and their style has been studied in three levels of literature, language and thought by statistical analysis of the data.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is documentary (library). Referring to the three poets, ten mourning poems in mourning for Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions were collected as the statistical population of this study, which totals three hundred and eighteen verses; After collecting the information, the author has achieved a stylistic description of the verses of the elegies at three linguistic, literary and intellectual levels, and finally the analysis has been done based on the extracted findings.

Although in these elegies, poets do not pay much attention to poetic industries, Ahli Shirazi has more artistic uses than the other two poets.

At the linguistic level, most of the laments have heavy weights and a calm and sad tone. The frequency of Arabic words as well as words with the mourning discourse of Ashura (such as Karbala, blood, martyr, grief) is significant in all elegies. The syntactic structure of many sentences is necessarily confused with poetry, but these changes are common in poetry and are not considered prominence. At the intellectual level, all the elegies confirm that the poets are Shiites; Attributing the incident of Ashura to the sky, which is a kind of determinism, is significant in these poems. The most important result of the present study is to reveal the similarities and stylistic differences of the laments of these three poets and to know their views about the martyrs, which cultivates the soul in the clear source of mourning for Ashura.