Radiologic Manifestations of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Narrative Review

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was soon declared a pandemic. Although different complications have been reported following coronavirus infection, lung involvement is the most important cause of death. In many cases, the disease eventually subsides; however, major short- and long-term complications may persist in a minority. Lung fibrosis, secondary bacterial and fungal infections, cardiovascular involvement such as myocarditis, pericarditis and pulmonary artery emboli may occur in the acute phase or present as a sequel. Different imaging modalities, especially chest CT scan, have an essential role in the initial diagnosis and can be used to monitor the clinical course of the disease, evaluate the response to treatment, and detect possible complications. This article reviews the major pulmonary and cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19 infection, focusing on their radiologic manifestations. Familiarity with such diagnostic imaging hallmarks is crucial for early diagnosis and optimal patient management and prevention or reduction of mortality.