The effect of swimming training and vitamin B6 intake on ALDH1A2 gene expression in endometriosis rat

Endometriosis means the presence of endometrial glands and uterine stroma outside the endometrium and uterine muscle, which is a chronic benign disease of women, which is mainly seen in the pelvic peritoneum with the ectopic formation of stroma and endometrial glands. Endometriosis is associated with a range of symptoms, the most common of which are chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The pathogenesis of this disease is influenced by various factors such as reverse transfer of endometrial cells, immunodeficiency, genetics, metaplasia, hormones, and environmental conditions. A widely accepted mechanism is Simpsonchr('39')s theory of recurrent menstruation, in which stem/progenitor cells flow into the pelvis and attach to the peritoneal mesothelium, where endometrial tissue grows abnormally. Recently, treatment goals have focused on inhibiting stem cell flow and the onset and proliferation of endometriosis. In this regard, studies have shown that an issue that may increase the risk of endometriosis is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress means that the bodychr('39')s balance is disturbed by an increase in oxidizing agents that cause oxidation of vital substances and tissues in the body. Recent studies have shown the role of stem cells and oxidative stress in the progression and control, as well as their role in the pharmacological treatment of infertility diseases, in which the role of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A2) is recognized as an indicator in stem cells. This factor plays a role in the oxidation of aldehydes and the early differentiation of stem cells. Cells that are highly active in this enzyme have the ability to regenerate themselves. Under normal conditions (normal oxygen level), this enzyme effectively catalyzes the conversion of organic nitrate compounds, such as nitroglycerin, to nitric oxide. This factor plays a role in the oxidation of aldehydes and the early differentiation of stem cells. Studies have shown that the use of exercise interventions is effective in patients with endometriosis. Aerobic exercise is one of the most common training methods to improve infertility and gynecological diseases. B vitamins play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer by modulating cell signaling pathways. For example, vitamin B6 is known to be a potent anti-inflammatory, mutant, and nerve-enhancing agent that inhibits progression by activating tumor suppressor genes, inactivating angiogenesis, and activating anti-inflammatory genes, and inducing apoptosis. Cancerous tumors prevent many pathological changes that occur in response to the penetration of inflammatory cells. Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease that has complex pathophysiology and most of the details of this disease are still unknown; therefore, extensive research is needed to obtain information on the pathophysiology of this disease. Therefore, due to limited trial studies, inconsistencies and ambiguities in the results of the effectiveness of dietary and sports interventions, limited research on the preference of each of these methods with appropriate comparison, and the lack of a similar study in this community, The question is, does a low-intensity swimming training session with vitamin B6 affect the expression of ovarian tissue ALDH1A2 gene in rats of the endometriosis model?

The research method was experimental with a post-test design. In determining the sample size, according to the sample size formula for continuous scores, if the expected differences are equal to 1.5, with a test power of 80% at a significance level of α = 0.05, the number of subjects per the group is equal to five. For this purpose, 25 adult Wistar 6- to 8-week-old rats with a mean weight and mean weight of 202.85 ± 15.62 g were purchased from Pasteur Institute and transferred to the research center. The animals were kept in special polycarbonate cages in an environment with an average temperature of 22 ± 1.4 ° C, humidity of 55%, and a dark light cycle of 12:12 hours. The care of the animals was carried out by the guidelines of the International Institute of Health and the protocols of this study, in compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and the rules of medical ethics. The animals were treated with free pellet food and water. The food consumed by the animals was given to the animal at the rate of 10 grams per 100 grams of body weight according to the weekly weight gain. The protocol of this research was performed according to the international laws on laboratory animals with the code of ethics IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1398.152 and was approved by the ethics committee of the Islamic Azad University of Sari. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, patient control, patient + exercise, patient + vitamin, patient + vitamin + exercise. To model endometriosis, the rats were first anesthetized and after opening the abdominal muscle, ovarian tissue and part of the uterine tube tissue were removed and placed in a sterile container with a PBS cc and cut into pieces. These pieces were then transplanted into the abdominal and ovarian areas. Vitamin intake was 60 mg/kg per rat body weight and the swimming training program was for 8 weeks and five days each week for 30 minutes each day. One-way analysis of variance and Tukeychr('39')s post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that in the patient control group ALDH1A2 level was significantly reduced compared to the healthy control group, patient + training and patient + training + vitamin (P = 0.0007; P = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively P). Also in the patient + exercise group, the patient + vitamin level was significantly reduced compared to the healthy group (P = 0.0038; P = 0.006, respectively). This was while there was no significant difference between the other groups.

In general, the results of the present study indicate that changes in key molecules or signaling pathways and gene expression in the process of endometriosis can improve the level of the disease and regular aerobic exercise and concomitant use. Vitamin B6 helps to control this disease and improve the level of this disease.