Impossibility and possibility of Iran Nuclear Program Agreement, Comparing the Three Periods of the Presidency (Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani)

The issue of Iran's nuclear program from 2002 to 2015, due to its political and economic consequences, has been one of the most important issues in Iranian foreign policy after the Islamic Revolution. The program involved three presidential Periods, Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani after the revolution. The present Thesis draws on the theory of a possible agreement area, as well as using the comparative historical method to examine the nuclear program in these three presidential periods (Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani). Accordingly, the main question of this Research is why, during the two presidential and presidential events of Khatami and Ahmadinejad, the negotiations between Iran and the Western powers did not end to the comprehensive nuclear deal, but during the presidential term, Rouhani led the negotiations to a comprehensive nuclear agreement. In response to this main question, the hypothesis of this Research is that unclear strategies and tactics in two internal and external environments (Iran and the 5 + 1 group) in the three presidential years (Khatami and Ahmadinejad and Rouhani) led to two different achievements (disagreement and agreement) in Iran's nuclear program. The results of the research shows that in the era of Mohammad Khatami, the excessive flexibility of Iran believed that Western countries had little need to cope with Iran. During the Ahmadinejad era, due to his aggressive foreign policy, the opportunity was given to the United States to accompany the European Union, and even China and Russia, and pass unprecedented sanctions resolutions against Iran in the UN Security Council. But during his Hassan Rouhani period, he used the experiences of previous governments to try to moderate the path. This policy led the Iranian side to rethink its policies, which made it possible to reach a comprehensive nuclear deal.