A Comparative Study of the Status of the Liberal Democratic Thought and the Flow of Political and Jurisprudential Islam in the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution of Iran

In the study of contemporary history of Iran from the late Qajar period, influenced by currents of thought and global developments, various currents such as: Marxist, liberal and Islamic groups and thinkers (political Islam) have come to life and have been the source of various changes, one of the most important developments. Contemporary Iran, under the influence of the mentioned currents from which the current society is born, should refer to the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution. In this study, the most important goals are to study the position and impact of liberal currents of thought and political Islam in the two constitutional revolutions and the Islamic Revolution. In expressing the findings of the research, it can be said that in the Constitutional Revolution, the current of political Islam influenced by the ideas of Shiite jurists such as: Mirza Naeini, Akhund Khorasani, Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, Ayatollah Tabatabai and Behbahani were in charge of leading the people. Intellectuals such as Seyyed Hassan Taghizadeh, Mirzamalkam Khan, Akhundzadeh, Jahangir Khan Surasrafil, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, etc. had great influence in advancing the goals of the Constitutional Revolution, but in the Islamic Revolution the most influential role in the victory of the revolution was led by political Islam. Imam Khomeini Liberal currents were mostly marginalized, so other currents of thought and marginalized and the Islamic Republic has been created by the thoughts of Imam Khomeini and the teachings of political Islam. It should be noted that using descriptive-analytical method and application of ideas in the course of political Islam and liberalism, an attempt has been made to write this research.