Introducing the concept of wisdom in educational psychology and its learning applications according to educational theories

The concept of wisdom in philosophical and religious texts has a long history, but for the last two or three decades, this issue has entered the discussions and experimental research in various fields of psychology. Various theorists have defined this concept according to their philosophical orientation and the field they focus on in psychology, but so far no agreed definition has emerged. Educational psychology has also used this concept to provide theories and practical methods for teaching this ability or virtue. This article briefly introduces comprehensive and new theories in this field, the equilibrium theory of wisdom, the Berlin Wisdom paradigm, and the three-dimensional model of wisdom, and points out some ideas and findings in the field of wisdom education.