Investigating the violation of fair trial in the Pahlavi imperial system

Principles of the fair trial include topics such as the principle of innocence, protection of privacy, availability of defense rights, documented by law, prohibition of torture, the right to appeal, public hearings, etc.  The solution for judicial justice, which is a significant branch of social justice, is the protection of the principles of a fair trial. In this study, the authors defined this concept, by examining the basic concepts related to the principles of a fair trial and considering the development of laws, especially criminal law. The analytical descriptive method was used to answer the question: to what extent fair trial principles have been violated or preserved in the Pahlavi regime. The results of this article show that most of the laws have followed the standards of fair trial, but despite the military courts and ceremonial courts and the lack of observance of the rules of procedure for political prisoners, in the Pahlavi regime, fair trial has been severely violated. The reason for addressing this issue was the unique condition of Iran during the Pahlavi regime, especially the socio-political developments of that time and the significant role of the judiciary in people's lives. Many studies considered principles of the criminal procedures and their dimensions; however, this issue has not been investigated in the Pahlavi regime.