Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. in dexamethasone‑induced hypertensive rats

Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. is a monotypic endemic plant of Apiaceae growing wild in Iran. The aerial parts of this plant are used for treatment of hypertension, ulcer, and inflammatory conditions in folk medicine. In this study, the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of K. odoratissima were evaluated in dexamethasone (Dex)‑induced hypertension in male Wistar rats.

For induction of hypertension, Dex (30 µg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously for 14 days. In a prevention study, rats received oral K. odoratissima extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) from 4 days before Dex administration and during the test period (days 1–18). In a reversal study, K. odoratissima extract was administered orally from day 8 to 14. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was evaluated using tail‑cuff method. The hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) concentration and ferric‑reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured in plasma samples.

Administrations of Dex significantly induced an increase in SBP and in plasma H2 O2 and a decrease in body and thymus weights, and in FRAP value (P < 0.001). K. odoratissima extract dose‑dependently prevented and reversed hypertension (P < 0.001). It also prevented and reduced the plasma H2 O2 concentration and prevented the body weight loss upon Dex administration at all doses (100–400 mg/kg, P < 0.001) but failed to improve FRAP value.

These results suggest antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of K. odoratissima extract in Dex‑induced hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of this herbal medicine.