Evaluation of the effect of cytokinins, thiamine (VB1), brassinosteroids, and auxins on organogenesis potential, and protoplast isolation in Rosa damascena Mill in vitro condition.

Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is one of the ornamental and medicinal plants. In this study, shoot explants were cultured on MS medium with different concentrations of IAA, 2, 4-D, BAP, Kin, Br (brassinosteroids), and Vitamin B1 (VB1) in two group tests. Protoplasts were isolated from leaves with the enzymes and osmosis of sucrose. The results were studied, after the fourth week. In test 1, the results showed that 1 mg l-1 IAA with 0.1 mg l-1 Br had the highest rooting (63.33%), 1 mg l-1 IAA with 0.1 mg l-1 VB1 had the maximum shoot formation (66.67%), and 1 mg l-1 IAA with 0.1 mg l-1 Kin had the highest callus production (19%). The concentration of 0.1 mg l-1 IAA with 1 mg l-1 of VB1 was suitable for rooting (40%), shoot formation (50%), and low callus (10%) simultaneously. The highest rooting (73.33%) was obtained by using 4 mg l-1 2, 4-D with 0.4 mg l-1 BAP. The maximum Callus formation, root, and shoot number produced by 0.4 mg l-1 IAA with 4 mg l-1 VB1. High protoplast isolated in 0.5% sucrose. VB1 and Br enhanced the effect of IAA on root and shoot emergence of Roses.