Comparative study of the principles and conditions of legitimate defense in the criminal law of Iran and Scotland

Legitimate defense is a justifiable and e xcusable factor. T h e basis fo r allo wing mu rder as a le gitimate defense can be found in the theory of human dignity and the symmetry of the right to life / the de nial of the right to life; According to this theory, Scottish law is based on stricter rules than Iranian law regar ding the admission of another murder i n the capacity of self - defense. Adopting a strong retreat rule, acc epting the defendant's only conventi onal mistake in dealing with the attack is necessary t o repel it. T he illegitimacy of murder in the def ense of property, the monopolization of the license to commit rape by a victi m of rape, and its non - extension to other sexual offenses are among t h e hallmarks of S cotland's strict approach. In contrast, the Iranian criminal legislature, by improperly removing the c ondition of appropriateness and using alternative but vague terms by observing the defense steps, adheres to other criteria of defense legitimacy, such as the current or imminent encroachment, the need for one-sided defense and the excessive defense order. Has specified. This is despite the fact that in current Scottish law, or the imminent encroachment, along with some other criteria, is considered an element of necessity in legitimate defense. Despite Scotland's stricter approach to determining the territory of self-defense, the rules of self-defense in Iranian and Scottish law lack the necessary comprehensiveness.