Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil from thirteen ‎natural habitats

Baneh (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) is one of the main wild species of Pistacia in Iran. The exudate of this plant is an oleo-gum-resin that comes out of the outer layer of plant bark and is called “Saghez” in Iran. In this study, the content and chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin essential oil from thirteen habitats in Iran, including: Lamerd, Gachsaran, Dehpabid, Jiroft, Marivan (Govaz, Ghamishleh, Anjiran, Haneh sheikhan), Kahnoj, Shorigeh, Dalaho, Andimeshk, Ilam were investigated. The essential oil extraction was carried out through hydro-distillation by the Clevenger apparatus for three hours. Identification and quantification of individual components were performed by GC/MS and GC-FID, respectively. The results showed that the highest and the lowest essential oil content (26.6% and 9.5%) belonged to Marivan (Govaz) and Jiroft, respectively. Also, the essential oil content of Shorigeh (25%), Marivan-Anjiran (25%), Marivan-Ghamishleh (24.6%) was desirable. In total, thirty-nine compounds were identified. α–pinene, β–pinene, camphene, sabinene, δ-2-carene, α–phellandrene, α-terpinene, ρ–cymene, cis-limonene oxide, ρ–cymenene, trans-pinocarveol, cis-isocitral, neo-iso-verbanol and myrtenal were identified as main constituents. Also, monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of essential oils in all samples and they formed 81.1% to 97.9% of components.